Scatter the topping gelatin across the water in a small saucepan and leave it undisturbed for 5 minutes. The granules should absorb water and soften as they bloom.
Beat the egg whites at high speed to stiff peaks, then briefly mix in the cream of tartar. A lifted beater should leave a peak that holds upright.
Stir the hydrated gelatin, using low heat if needed to dissolve any remaining clumps. The liquid should flow smoothly without visible gelatin pieces.
Stir the powdered sweetener into the gelatin liquid until evenly combined. Check for pockets of dry sweetener before pouring.
Pour the liquid into a spouted glass measuring cup, passing it through a fine-mesh strainer if gelatin pieces remain. The pouring cup should contain a smooth mixture without rubbery bits.
Run the mixer on low and feed the gelatin liquid into the egg whites in a slow, thin stream. Keep the addition gradual so the liquid blends into the foam.
Increase to high speed for 3–4 minutes after incorporating the gelatin, then mix in the vanilla. The marshmallow should expand noticeably and become thick, opaque, and glossy.
Immediately spread the marshmallow across the shortbread in an even layer. The topping should still be soft enough to smooth before it begins setting.
Allow at least an hour for the marshmallow layer to set, or refrigerate overnight. The surface should hold its shape before receiving the chocolate drizzle.